Distal Pancreatectomy Surgery

Overview

Distal pancreatectomy involves the surgical removal of the tail and/or part of the pancreas while preserving the head of the pancreas. It is less commonly performed for pancreatic cancer since tumors in the tail are often unresectable. This procedure is typically used to treat:

  • Chronic and recurrent pancreatitis
  • Tumors in the body or tail of the pancreas
  • Pancreatic cysts
  • Pancreatic trauma

Alternate Name

Procedure Type: Open surgery, minimally invasive, or robotic-assisted

Body Location

Pancreas, Spleen

Types of Distal Pancreatectomy

    1. Pancreatosplenectomy
    2. Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy

Preparation for Distal Pancreatectomy

Preparation includes:

  • Discontinuation of blood thinners like aspirin, heparin, or warfarin.
  • Informing your doctor about any ongoing medications or allergies.
  • Managing alcohol withdrawal symptoms if applicable.
  • Avoiding food and drink as instructed before surgery.

How Distal Pancreatectomy is Performed

The procedure is carried out under general anesthesia, taking 2-4 hours. The approach may include open surgery, laparoscopic, or robotic techniques based on the patient’s condition.

Techniques:

  1. Open Distal Pancreatectomy and Splenectomy:
    • The spleen is separated first, followed by pancreas resection. Lymph nodes may also be removed.
  2. Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS):
    • The pancreas neck is divided first, and the spleen is mobilized later.
  3. Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy:
    • Performed if spleen removal is unnecessary.

Recovery and Follow-Up

  • Recovery Time: Typically 5-7 days of hospital stay; full recovery may take several weeks to months.
  • Post-Surgery Care: Pain management, antibiotics, and physical activity for faster recovery.
  • Follow-Up Needs: Regular visits to monitor enzyme production, insulin levels, and to manage possible complications like high blood sugar or pancreatic insufficiency.

Risks of Distal Pancreatectomy

  • Pancreatic fistula
  • Abdominal abscess
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Pneumonia
  • Wound infection

FAQs About Distal Pancreatectomymy

  1. Is this major surgery?
    Yes, it is a major surgical procedure involving partial pancreas removal.
  2. How much of the pancreas is removed?
    Typically, the tail and part of the body of the pancreas are removed.
  3. Can you live with part of your pancreas?
    Yes, the remaining portion usually functions well enough to produce enzymes and regulate blood sugar.
  4. Hospital stay duration?
    A typical stay lasts 5-7 days, depending on recovery progress.
  5. Foods to avoid post-surgery?
    Avoid high-fat, spicy, or hard-to-digest foods; consult your doctor for tailored dietary advice.
  6. Healing time?
    Complete healing may take several weeks to months.
  7. Laparoscopic procedure availability?
    Yes, laparoscopic or robotic-assisted options are available, offering smaller incisions and faster recovery.